Pictures taken at San Diego Zoo.

Meer Cat basking in the evening sun.

Erasing VLAN.DAT file.

Today I tried deleting VLAN.DAT file from a Catalyst 4948 series switch, but I was getting the following error. 

 

%Error deleting cat4000_flash:vlan.dat (Permission denied)

 

I could not find the actual cause of it but I found a work around.  Instead of delete command I used erase command.  One thing to remember is erase command deletes all files ffrom the cat4000_flash.

 

The command syntax is “ erase cat4000_flash:”.  Type yes to confirm that you wanted to erase the cat4000_flash;

 

Hope this will help you.

 

Thank you.

 

Mapping Cisco old commands to new commands.

Old Command	New Command
configure network	copy ftp:[[[//[username[:password]@]location]/directory] /filename] system:running-config
configure overwrite-network	copy ftp:[[[//[username[:password]@]location]/directory] /filename] nvram:startup-config
copy rcp running-config	copy rcp:[[[//[username@]location]/directory]/filename] system:running-config
copy running-config rcp	copy system:running-config rcp:[[[//[username@]location]/directory]/filename]
copy running-config startup-config	copy system:running-config nvram:startup-config
copy running-config tftp	copy system:running-config tftp:[[[//location]/directory]/filename]
copy tftp running-config	copy tftp:[[[//location]/directory]/filename] system:running-config
copy tftp startup-config	copy tftp:[[[//location]/directory]/filename] nvram:startup-config
erase startup-config	erase nvram:
show configuration	more nvram:startup-config
show file	more
show running-config	more system:running-config
write erase	erase nvram:
write memory	copy system:running-config nvram:startup-config
write network	copy system:running-config ftp:[[[//[username [:password]@]location]/directory]/filename]
write terminal	more system:running-config

Interesting facts about LED TV.

I found the below interesting facts from http://www.vizio.com/about.aspx?cid=3519&id=2892

----------------

When a product has become commoditized and its price is regularly dropping and its profit margins are getting ever-thinner, how can a company boost its sales and raise its prices?

One way is by changing the product’s name.

That’s what Samsung has done with its new line of LCD TVs using LEDs to illuminate the screen. In its print advertising and on its Web site, Samsung calls their new range simply “LED TVs.”

They are not LED TVs. Calling them such makes as much sense as calling its existing line of LCD televisions Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp TVs, or CCFL TVs, after the lighting technology that they use.

Whatever its validity, Samsung’s decision to drop “LCD” was a smart marketing move. After all, “LED” is the acronym du jour, a technology that’s all the rage as a new, perhaps revolutionary lighting source. It’s as emotive a term as “HDTV” and “digital” were in their heydays.

But it’s also confusing consumers. An industry colleague told me that in a recent trip to a big-box retailer, he overheard several friends asking what type of TV they were watching. One said it wasn’t LCD or plasma, it was an LED set.

More accurately, it was an expensive LCD set. LED-backlit LCD TVs can cost as much as twice their standard LCD or plasma counterparts. Is the extra money worth it, even if you can afford it?

Here are the answers to some questions you may have about LCD TVs using LED backlighting.

What’s wrong with existing LCD TVs?

Up until now, LCDs used fluorescent tubes to light the screen. As a result, LCDs have trouble creating deep blacks. That’s because fluorescent tubes are always on, and some light leaks through to the front of the display even when a part of the image is supposed to be black. A lack of deep blacks reduces the perceived sharpness of the set’s image.

Also, fluorescents lack a wide range of colors; hence, color saturation is limited.

What’s an LED TV?

It’s an LCD TV that uses LEDs to illuminate the display. There are two ways to do this: either by placing LEDs across the entire back of the display, or by placing LEDs just around the perimeter, which is called an “edge lit” display. Both techniques use less power than plasma TVs and LCD TVs lit with fluorescent tubes.

Which technique is better?

They both have their pros and cons. LCD TVs using edge-lit LCDs can be ultra-thin, because the LED sources are on the side. Edge-lit LED-lit LCDs are also less expensive than LCD TVs using LED backlit technology.

On the other hand, LCD TVs that use LEDs across the rear of the display can create dramatically deeper blacks, through a technique called “local dimming.” When a scene calls for a dark image, the LEDs in that area can be shut off completely, so no light leaks through what should look black.

So if I Want an LED-lit LCD, I should buy one using back-lit technology?

It’s not so simple. An LED backlit TV may contain only about 1,000 LEDs. And those LEDs can only be dimmed in large groups, because it is too expensive to control each LED individually. So when you shut off or dim a group of LEDs you may also be darkening part of an adjoining scene on the TV that really should be bright. If you cut back on the dimming, then the blacks will be less dark than blacks in another part of the image that are not surrounded by lighter images.

Theoretically, you could increase the number of LEDs so that each lit just one pixel on the 2 million pixel LCD screen. But then you could just throw away the LCD screen because you would have actually created an LED television—just like the Walgreen’s LED sign in Times Square.

Okay, but still, LCD TVs with LEDs Have Great Contrast

Sometimes they do. It depends on what you’re watching. As a Samsung engineer said to me last week, “the most dramatic effect of LED-lit TVs happens when the entire scene goes to black”—not necessarily when you’re watching a scene with a mixture of light and dark images.

Do LED-lit LCD TVs Produce Better Pictures than Plasma TVs?

Interestingly, I’ve heard no one in the industry claim that they do. At best, they say that with LED-lit LCD TVs, plasma no longer has an edge when it comes to creating deep blacks and saturated colors. But plasma still has a dramatic edge when it comes to price.

How Much More Do LED-Lit LCD TVs Actually Cost?

Right now, a lot. But that should change as more companies enter the market. The list price for Samsung’s 46-inch high-end LED-lit LCD TV, model UN46B8000, is $3,200. But its larger 50-inch plasma high-end model, the PN50B860, is $800 cheaper.

Later this year, LG will launch two new series of LED LCD TVs, in 42, 47, and 55-inch screen sizes; all sets will use backlit LED technology. Prices have not been announced.

Not surprisingly, Vizio has just broken the LED price barrier. On Monday, the company announced that beginning this September it would ship the VF551XVT, a 55-inch LCD model using LED backlighting. The price: $2,200, or $1,000 less than Samsung’s smaller 46-inch LED-lit television. It looks like Samsung’s strategy to make its LED-based LCD TVs a premium product may have a short life.

Port speed and duplex auto negotiation.

Note: This section is only applicable for 10/100/1000 Mbps (1000BASE-T) NICs, and not 1000BASE-X NICs.

Table 1—Autonegotiation Valid Configuration

Configuration NIC (Speed/Duplex)	Configuration Switch (Speed/Duplex)	Resulting NIC Speed/Duplex	Resulting Catalyst Speed/Duplex	Comments
AUTO	AUTO	1000 Mbps, Full-duplex	1000 Mbps, Full-duplex	Assuming maximum capability of Catalyst switch, and NIC is 1000 Mbps, full-duplex.
1000 Mbps, Full-duplex	AUTO	1000 Mbps, Full-duplex	1000 Mbps, Full-duplex	Link is established, but the switch does not see any autonegotiation information from NIC. Since Catalyst switches support only full-duplex operation with 1000 Mbps, they default to full-duplex, and this happens only when operating at 1000 Mbps.
AUTO	1000 Mbps, Full-duplex	1000 Mbps, Full-duplex	1000 Mbps, Full-duplex	Assuming maximum capability of NIC is 1000 Mbps, full-duplex.
1000 Mbps, Full-duplex	1000 Mbps, Full-duplex	1000 Mbps, Full-duplex	1000 Mbps, Full-duplex	Correct Manual Configuration
100 Mbps, Full-duplex	1000 Mbps, Full-duplex	No Link	No Link	Neither side establishes link, due to speed mismatch
100 Mbps, Full-duplex	AUTO	100 Mbps, Full-duplex	100 Mbps, Half-duplex	Duplex Mismatch 1
AUTO	100 Mbps, Full-duplex	100 Mbps, Half-duplex	100 Mbps, Full-duplex	Duplex Mismatch 1
100 Mbps, Full-duplex	100 Mbps, Full-duplex	100 Mbps, Full-duplex	100 Mbps, Full-duplex	Correct Manual Configuration2
100 Mbps, Half-duplex	AUTO	100 Mbps, Half-duplex	100 Mbps, Half-duplex	Link is established, but switch does not see any autonegotiation information from NIC and defaults to half-duplex when operating at 10/100 Mbps.
10 Mbps, Half-duplex	AUTO	10 Mbps, Half-duplex	10 Mbps, Half-duplex	Link is established, but switch does not see Fast Link Pulse (FLP) and defaults to 10 Mbps half-duplex.
10 Mbps, Half-duplex	100 Mbps, Half-duplex	No Link	No Link	Neither side establishes link, due to speed mismatch.
AUTO	100 Mbps, Half-duplex	100 Mbps, Half-duplex	100 Mbps, Half-duplex	Link is established, but NIC does not see any autonegotiation information and defaults to 100 Mbps, half-duplex.
AUTO	10 Mbps, Half-duplex	10 Mbps, Half-duplex	10 Mbps, Half-duplex	Link is established, but NIC does not see FLP and defaults to 10 Mbps, half-duplex.

 

 

DVDs for cheap price.

Moserbaer is trying beat piracy by reducing the prices.  It is definitely great idea.

You can buy DVDs online from the following link.

http://moserbaer.com/moserbaer_entertainment.asp

They have various genres.

1. Classic

2. Comedy

3. Adult(not true.)

4. etc.

Enjoy.

Best site for Network Cheatsheets.

I found this website has the best network cheatsheets.

http://mion.faireal.net/BES/

Monetizing the blog.

I have been working on my blog to monetize and make minimum of 10 US$ per day.  I have been modifying layout of my blog to attract more traffic but no luck.  It is well above my head how Google payout  for the adds.  I understood adsense this way

1.  More number visits pays more money

2.  All clicks on ads pays money

But the results did not match. I do not know what formula does google follow to pay.  I tried understanding the formula from adsense website but it was kind complex.  

I am not criticizing Google, but trying to understand it.

I feel the highest paying ads will be displayed on the blogs with the following key words. It is purely my opinion and there is no scientific explanation for it.

1.mortgage

2.makeup

3.porn

4.sex

5.medication

6.autos

etc.

Hope someone understand Google's payout policy and explain's it to all.

Thank you.

Murthy

Reebok 40% discount coupon.

Please check this 40% discount coupon from Reebok.  It expires by August 16th 2009.

http://www.reebokoutletmail2.com/Q15343/Q15343.asp?r=5433_72960&i=Q15343002&e=suryanarayanamurthy@gmail.com&b=0081522933

Auctions for free stuff.

Wow! Now you can auction for free stuff at this site. Interesting.

http://www.listia.com/signup/1240

Junos like open source routing software.

I simulate networks with Cisco and Juniper routers on my PC to study and understand very well about routing protocols. With GNS3 my life became simple in emulating Cisco routers. Running Juniper routers on Olive is kind tedious but one of my friends was gracious enough to prepare an Olive VM for me. But I wanted to run more routers with less trouble and I found that the following company offers a Junos like OS for free(offcourse without support). They do have some paid services which I do not need to care at this point. Please click on the following link to more about their product and download.

http://www.vyatta.com/

Emulating Cisco ASA firewall.

I have been trying to emulate Cisco ASA firewall various ways on my PCs. I used GNS3 and Qemu until I found this website recently. It is very easy now to emulate an ASA in VMWare using this ISO. Please try.

http://asa_project.gromnet.net

Container gardening.

I live in a single bed room rental apartment which has a small patio. Luckily I get lot of light in the patio. I got so crazy about container gardening. I did not setup a goal to grow vegetables to reduce my costs, but I wanted to entertain myself by taking care of the plants. I looked around internet for various ideas. I found the following link is very useful.

http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/container/container.html

Gardening is kind of mental relaxation for me. I feel realxed when I see plants growing. I feel relaxed when I take care of plants. I feel that I am achieving something when the plants grow and start giving flowers etc.

I will keep posting progress of my container garden.

Cheers.
Murthy

Time stamping the show commands.

If you want to time stamp the show commands along with current CPU utilization for a particular session, issue the following command.

 

terminal exec prompt timestamp

enable

 

Sample Output:

 

cs1#show run

Load for five secs: 0%/0%; one minute: 1%; five minutes: 1%

Time source is NTP, *11:00:00.713 Pacific Wed Feb 25 2009

 

Building configuration...

 

Current configuration : 30463 bytes

!

Cisco Hidden command for fabric utilizations.

show plat hard cap fabric

The output of the above command gives bus utlization etc. It is a very nice command

Identifying the backplane utilization on Catalyst 6500.

You always wanted to know the peak backplane utilization of Catalyst 6500 series switch and when it occurred.  You can find those details by typing this command. 

cs1 #show catalyst6000 traffic-meter 

  traffic meter =   0%  Never cleared

           peak =  51%        reached at 17:07:23 Pacific Thu Dec 20 2007

You can also setup SNMP monitoring and Syslog to alert you if the utilization crosses pre-defined values.  You can find more details on this at,

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk648/tk362/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094a96.shtml

Hope this command is useful to you.  If yes, please leave feedback.

Thank you.

Murthy